Increase Crime Among Youth Essay

1. This is to confirm that we have allotted flat no. D4 / E 5 admeasuring 920 Sq. ft.(built up area) on the Survey No.49 A / 7 constructed by us to shri PARAG VIJAY MODI for a total consideration of Rs.12,00,000/-(Rupee Twelve Lac Only)Under an agreement for sale dated 20 /12/2012. 2. We confirm that we have obtained necessary permission / approvals sanction for construction of said building from all the concerned competent authorities and the same are in force. The construction of the building as well as of the flat is in accordance with the approved plans. We assure that the said flat as well as the said building and the legal appurtenances there to be not subject to any encumbrances, charge or liability or any kind whatsoever and that the entire property is free from encumbrances and marketable. We have a clear, legal and marketable title to the said property and part thereof. 3. Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI has/ have paid the total cost of Rs. 5,90,000/-(Rupees Five Lac Ninety thousand Only). 4. Possession of the said Unit/Gala/Shop/ Premises / Flat will be given to Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI . 5. We have hereby confirm that we have NO OBJECTION to your giving finance to Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI his & her mortgaging the said Flat to your Bank by way of security for repayment of such finance. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the said agreement. We hereby register the Bank’s charge in our books in respect of the said Flat. AND Shri PARAG VIJAY MODI will not be permitted to transfer, assign, sell off or in any other way/ manner deal with the said Flat prejudicial to the interest of the Bank, without the prior written consent of your bank. 6. We undertake to form a Co-operative Society of the Flat holders of the aforesaid building under the Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act.1960 within two years from the due hereof. We also agree to inform and given proper notice to the Co. operative Society as and when formed, about the said flat being so mortgaged to your Bank. 7. We are aware that relying on what is stared herein above, you have agreed to give the finance to Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI P.S. Your are requested to issue your pay order in favour of sarasvat Bank c/a No CAPUB /11 M/s Gagangiri Construction. Instruction: If No.5 is not applicable then cancel the same and renumber the remaining paragraph.

Dashboard Analysis and Nursing Plan for Pain Response Essay

In information technology, a dashboard is a user interface that, somewhat resembles an automobile’s dashboard, organizing and presenting information in a way that is easy to read. Healthcare dashboards are designed to show the performance of key activities that directly or indirectly impact patient satisfaction, such as length of stay and lab test turnaround. This paper will take at look at pain response and breakdown why it is important and ways to improve it. Analysis of the data In 1998, the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) was established by The American Nurses Association (ANA) so that the ANA could continue to collect and build on data obtained to ensure a better outcome for patients (Montalvo, 2007). The sample dashboard for the purpose of this paper, showed a decline in response to pain in 3 out of the 4 quarters surveyed. Despite the availability of analgesics, particularly opioids, and national guidelines to manage pain, the incidence of postoperative pain has remained stable over the past decade. Thus, acute pain associated with surgical and diagnostic procedures is a common occurrence in U.S. hospitals and remains inadequately managed for many patients (Hughes, 2008). Nursing Plan To many times nurses don’t properly medicate patients, due to patients not correctly reporting their pain, or staff members commenting on how often they are requesting pain meds. In 1968, Margo McCaffery defined pain as â€Å"whatever the person experiencing says it is, and occurring when the person says it does.† (Martin, Kelly, & Roosa, 2012). Inadequate management of pain and other symptoms not only decreases the quality of life; it also creates a financial burden on the health care system and on our society. Unrelieved pain costs millions of dollars annually as a result of longer  hospital stays, re-hospitalizations, and visits to outpatient clinics and emergency rooms (Berry & Dahl, 2000). On January 1, 2001, pain management standards went into effect for Joint Commission accredited ambulatory care facilities, behavioral health care organizations, critical access hospitals, home care providers, hospitals, office-based surgery practices, and long term care provide rs (The Joint Commission, 2014). The standards require the nurses to recognize the right of patients to appropriate assessment and management of pain, to screen patients for pain during their initial assessment and, when clinically required, during ongoing, periodic re-assessments, and educate patients suffering from pain and their families about pain management. A proper assessment needs to be completed upon admission, and the physician needs to be contacted to ensure proper pain management is in effect. There are several different pain scales to be used based on the patient’s alertness and cognitive ability. The 0-10 Numeric Scale is the most widely used scale for patients who are alert and oriented. Wong-Baker FACES scale is used more with younger pediatric patients or mentally challenged. The FLACC scale is used for patients who can’t verbally or visually report their pain level. Once a patient has been assessed and proper treatment has been established, follow up is very important to maintain a proper level of pain control. It is the nurses responsibility to return to ask the patient how their pain is after intervention has been given. Typically if pain medication was administered you should reassess 30 minutes after IV medication and 60 minutes after oral medication. Don’t take it for granted if the patient is resti ng, some patients don’t physically show signs of pain. Once the patient is ready for discharge, proper education about pain control needs to be instructed to the patient and family member. Explanations of why it’s important to continue the pain meds at home, medications to avoid while taking them, and side effects that may occur. If NDNQI results continue to decline in future reports, re-education of current staff should be performed. Pain management has often been referred to as the 5th vital sign, nurses and nursing assistants should be instructed to ask/assess about pain when taking vitals. Frequent chart audits should be conducted to ensure proper charting and pain interventions are occurring. Pain management starts with educating the staff on the proper assessments and following through on interventions  implemented. Summary In conclusion, for patients to have a better experience with their hospital stay, proper pain management needs to occur. With the correct orientation and training of staff to the different pain scales used, frequency of patients being asked about pain, and proper interventions being implemented, nursing scores for response to pain should increase. References Berry, P, PhD, RN, CRNH, CS, & Dahl, J, PhD. (2000). The new JCAHO pain standards: Implications for pain management nurses. Pain Management Nursing, Vol 1(Issue 1), 3-12. Retrieved from http://www.painmanagementnursing.org/article/S1524-9042(00)04110-2/abstract Hughes, R. (2008). Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Martin, L., Kelly, M., & Roosa, K. (2012). Multidisciplinary approach to improving pain management. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly,35(3), 268-271. Montalvo, I., (September 30, 2007) â€Å"The National Database of Nursing Quality IndicatorsTM (NDNQI ®)† OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 12 No. 3, Manuscript 2. The Joint Commission. (2014, February 4). Retrieved September 21, 2014.

Market Audit and Competitive Market Analysis Assignment

Market Audit and Competitive Market Analysis - Assignment Example The relative advantages for these products are that they have a wider usage coverage including schools, offices, hospitals, media houses, factories and of course homes. 2. Comparability Comparability is the capability of existing or performing in harmonious or congenial combination in terms of international marketing, it can be explained to means a situation where different companies employ similar or related business standard such as accounting, measure concepts and measures of closure. As a new force entering Japan and Tokyo for that matter, kikk.k would have comparability with existing companies who ply their trade in similar products such as stationery and plastics. As a new force, it will be important for kikk.k not to deviate from existing business norms as deviating is likely to cause hostility to existing customers who ma not be up to speed with their new norms. 3. Complexity In marketing and in business venturing, complexity can be explained with relation to customer’ s willingness to adapt to the policies and marketing strategies of new companies at the expense of existing ones. To this effect, the degree of difficulty which a purchaser of a new product has in understanding the product, a major determinant of the rate of new product adoption. Japan is market destiny where consumers have fairly great understanding of stationery and plastic products due to the high level and preference for education. Kikk.k would therefore have this to their advantage but would still have to do more to convince consumers of why switching to their kind of products against existing ones is the best decision. 4. Trialability In international marketing, a common strategy adopted by most old companies entering new territories is to make potential consumers try products for free. This has always been necessary because of the need to convince consumers of the need to choose new products to existing ones. Companies and consumers in Japan believe in this principle and so k ikki.k should be ready to bare the risk and cost of going into trial programs for potential consumers. 5. Observability Kikk.k will have to conduct intensive market observation in two major areas. These are consumer behavior observation and business trend observation. In Japanese markets, the use of observation as research methods has proved workable for companies and has yielded results making business and marketing plans. This duty of observation can at the initial stages be done by the middlemen who will be working for the company. This will reduce cost. A. Major problems and resistances to product acceptance based on the preceding evaluation Product acceptance for stationery and plastic products in Japan will not be difficult due to reasons as the use of such products and the need for them that is already in Japan. The difficulty will however lie in kikki.k convincing consumers to choose their new range of China Made products especially as China is a major competitor with Japan as far as plastic manufacturing is concerned. Moreover, Japanese are people who love to keep the tradition of using products made in their country. Despite these, when a very good research (observation) is undertaken, it will be possible to determine the purchasing trend of consumers so that a workable marketing plan will be designed to cover even conservative consumers. II. Sources of information Marketing Teacher,

The Cold War--The Real Intentions of the Superpowers Term Paper

The Cold War--The Real Intentions of the Superpowers - Term Paper Example The intentions of the super powers engaged in the Cold War were not simply to defend their territories and interests but they went beyond their defence and took it as an opportunity to spread and establish their influence all over the world. The origins of the cold war could be traced back inside the complex relationship of the two main powers of the world United Stated and Soviet Union after the WWI. These post war relations led to the cold war that tool almost half a century. There are some events also where the origins of the cold war could be traced like different events preceding the WWI and Russian revolution of 1917 is also regarded as the factors that work for the base of the cold war however the tension between the two superpowers of the world was the most important factor that led them towards the cold war (Findley and Gerber, 2007). The important reason behind the cold war was the ideological conflict between communism and capitalism that actually began in 1917 and led tow ards the Russian Revolution after which the relationship between US and Russia were significantly affected. Some of the experts also believe that the cold war began as a result of the legacy of different heritages of empire building between the Russia and America. Both of these countries were hav9ing the intention to build their empire however they are totally different (Painter, 1994). During the war, USA used to a maritime power that was based on the trade and commerce development whereas Russia used to a bureaucratic and land-based power. Moreover there was also an imperial rivalry between Britain and Russia due to which also there was tension between the UK and Russia. In nineteenth century tsar adopted the policy of improving the maritime access of Russia by the main disadvantage of Russia was that despite having large territory they can make use of little sea cost because big portion of their sea cost used to be freeze though out the year (Brands, 1993). Great Britain, on the other hand was significantly progressing towards expansion of maritime. However the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869 was a great concern for Great Britain because it added to the strength of Russia. The other political and territorial expansion policies of Russia were rising worried on Britain side and there were great worried regarding the safety of the frontier areas due to the fear of Russian expansion. Along with the clash of ideologies the two countries USA and Russia also have certain issues of conflict between them. There had been limited trade and diplomatic relationship between these two countries even before the cold war time. US took part in the efforts of crush Bolshevism from 1918 to 1920 that was not liked by Russia and on the other hand Russia work efficiently for the promotion and spread of communism across its own borders that was not liked by US and thus both of these countries has great disagreements with each other. Till 1933, US did not recognize USSR and th ey see Soviet system as a threat. Thus this was the background from where the origin of the cold war can be traced and understood and it shows that the super powers were not simply looking for the expansion and defence of their territory but they want the world community to recognize and accept their ideologies and supremacy

Answer the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer the questions - Essay Example Chapter 4 (bearing the name, â€Å"Holocaust: the Genocide of the Jews†), Chapter 5 (named â€Å"Holocaust: the Gypsies†) and Chapter 6 (with the name, â€Å"Holocaust: The Genocide of Disabled Peoples†) focuses on the recent pattern of genocides across the globe and examines the trend of transformation regarding the nature of the practice from the twentieth to twenty-first century. Here, the author is found to establish initially the meaning of genocide as it appeared before the world through the extermination of almost 5 to 6 millions of Jews by the Nazis. The next chapter focuses on the historical perspectives and parameters on which it flourished. The undermining of the brutal murder of one-quarter and one-half million of Sinti and Roma in the recent histographic representation of the Nazi genocide is found in the next chapter. The last chapter focuses on more gruesome and horrifying killing of the chronically mentally ill patients or patients severely injure d or disabled after World War II by the medical establishment of Germany who were acting both with and without the knowledge of the government by the Nazis. These patients were termed by their doctors as â€Å"useless eaters† and were brutally slaughtered. The points put forwarded by Totten and his historical analysis for the reason of these genocides and compelling suggestion to stop the brutal act as well are not only convincing but are accepted by any reader easily as they are all culminated systematically and backed by

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Annotated Bibliography Example It gave the reader insight into the issues regarding attention span, interest level and more. It covered children from ages preschool to fourth grade. Summary: This article chose books about cats as a theme to show how specific books can be used to teach literature. When children are interested in the literature chosen, they also are able to increase their reading comprehension. Summary: There were mass evacuation of Jews from many towns but the story of the Jews in Denmark is not always told. The author gives a fictionalized account of a true story through the eyes of a 10 year old and how her family helped her best friend’s family out of the country. Summary: This book was a delightful look at a variety of issues in using children’s literature. It provided the reader with ideas that could be used to identify children’s literature with a global picture. Ringrose, Christopher. â€Å"A Journey Backwards: History through Style in Children’s Fiction.† Children’s Literature in Education, 38.3 (2007): 207-218. ERIC database. Web. 18 July 2011. doi: 10.1007/s10583-007-9045-5 Summary: This article gave a history of the styles that have been used in children’s literary fiction. It creates an opportunity for teachers to understand what has been shown in children’s

Innocent smoothies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Innocent smoothies - Assignment Example Innocent’s mini-kiosks were some of the few food outlets in the Olympic park offering healthy food alternatives to the millions of attendees. The company also ran a two-week campaign called ‘Tweet for A seat’ prior to the start of the Olympics (Eleftheriou-Smith, 2012). This was intended to have the fans regenerate the advertisements by tweeting pictures of the company’s products to their followers. In the campaign, Innocent called on its Twitter followers to suggest whom they wanted to take with them to the Olympics and the reason for a chance to win a seat for two. The campaign followed a decision by the company to scrap off its scheduled promotion through which it aimed to improve the sale of Olympic tickets. Smoothie had worked to be the official smoothie and juice sponsor of the Olympics. Before the start of 2012 Olympic, Innocent launched a healthy living campaign, which encouraged people to kick off the year with healthy lifestyles (Eleftheriou-Smith, 2011). The company features one retired athlete, Kris Akabusi in its video advert clips and billboards with a message to encourage people to get back into fitness through exercising. It gave away free day passes to the gyms of virgin active all over Europe (OReilly, 2014). Although this campaign was not geared to promoting the Olympics, it helped the company generate more revenue clocking 200 million pounds the following year. The company’s promotional campaigns have always focused on marketing its products as the best alternative healthy foods in Europe. It prompts people to focus on their health and watch their diet. Its tagline ‘tastes good, does good’ is meant to appeal to the buyers to buy the products and feel the tastes and effects of the product. By appealing to the healthy lifestyle, the company brands itself as the only one offering alternatives to longer living. This is a moral appeal

Marketing database Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing database - Essay Example This is because profitability levels of different client differs, and thus being able to detect the most rewarding customers is essential. Based on the number of consumers under investigation, LTV can be carried out on the whole customer base or through segmentation (Hughes, 2014). Although the latter is more demanding, its more effective in analyzing clients. For royalty program, acquisition cost is considered as ‘sunk cost’, and thus not used in the calculation, as the customers are part of the current customer base. To effectively analyze the customers, analysis need to be executed at a group level using the test versus control situation approach. In this case, the tests are used to realize the loyalty program, an aspect not addressed by control. In this regard, for success to be realized, the lifetime value should be higher than the investment costs. Therefore, LPV is an efficient tool in evaluating the worthiness of a future royalty program (Rodgers & Peppers,

Exclusionary Rule Essay Example for Free

Exclusionary Rule Essay Constitutional Law pertains to the account of fundamental laws of nation-states and other political associations. Thus, constitutions refer to the foundation and structure for government and could limit or characterize the power and system of political institutions to carry out new laws and policies (Chemerinsky, 2003). The constitution sets the boundaries of new laws, thus, the entire state is subjected to the constitution. The Fourteenth amendment of the United States which covers citizenship and civil rights is where the Fourth Amendment sprouted from. In recognition of equality among citizens discarding race, ethnicity and religion, the fourth amendment was made to protect the rights of the citizens and those are the right to due process and to privacy and security of his properties. This fourth amendment was created in 1914 was at the federal level and was only adapted by all states of America. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution (Search and Seizure) includes the Exclusionary Rule which protects citizens of the United States from illegal searches of their private properties (Sundberg). Any unwarranted intrusions made by the police force to the privacy of an individual are prohibited by law. For a search to be valid the warrant to search should be able to describe in detail the items to be searched, the location and facilities to be confiscated (Roberts, 2007). This lets the people enjoy their right to feel secure of their houses, documents, papers and other properties that are considered private. The rule also gives the citizen a right to due process as the police force cannot just confiscate and search them without the needed papers. Furthermore, this law also abides by the philosophy of deontology wherein the action is judged to be right or wrong if the root of the action itself is based upon the duty and obligation of a person (Darwall, 12). Thus, the means upon which evidence is acquired is more important than the value of the evidence gathered. Since this rule encompass criminal cases only, even if the police found a gun or any evidence that points out that the man who owns the property upon which the evidence was found is indeed the perpetrator, this evidence will be considered invalid in court and will not make any impact on the courts decision given that the police did not have the warrant to search the individuals property. In addition to that, a search that is made in areas that is not specified by the warrant is not allowed even if evidences are found within the parameters of the facility that was searched. The positive side of this law is that it protects the rights of every citizen against illegal searches by the police, thus securing their privacy. This also discourages illegal searches and bounds the police to their duty by following the law. However, the downside of this rule is that if evidence is found in illegally searched areas, even if it can very well summarize the outcome of the case will be put to waste for the simple reason that there was no warrant of arrest or it was not indicated in the warrant that such place is included in the search. The absence of that piece of paper means a lot in the proceedings, and such important evidences are discarded. For example, a weapon that is found in the car of a murderer with his finger print on it would still be useless in court since it was searched illegally. Which is more important then, the evidence or how the evidence was obtained? Perhaps for us to fully assess the situation it is a need for us to analyze a certain scenario. For the purpose of further understanding the gravity of the situation let us assume that a bomb explosion took place in a residential neighborhood rendering 10 people killed and 20 other wounded. Right after the explosion operatives responded in just 3 minutes given that the place is in close proximity to the police station. The initial assumption was for it to be a terroristic act. Since the neighborhood was closely knit almost everyone knew something about everybody. They denied that such ruthless murderer could be one of their residents but a policeman guided by his instinct was convinced that a prominent resident of the neighborhood did the bombing. The resident was bound to leave the place the day after but since it was a Sunday, the court was close and cannot issue a warrant plus the fact that they cannot link him to the bomb explosion. The policemen decided to search the house of the resident without the warrant and found evidence. Materials of making a bomb were found at his residence. They arrested him but after years the case was dismissed because of the exclusion rule. First and foremost, there was no warrant and second they filed motion to suppress the evidence. The law supports the defendants claim and sets him free. This issue is a philosophical debate of the deontological and consequentialist groups (Philip, 2002). Deontological perspective would argue that the fault was in the part of the officials since they did not do their duty. To act from duty is to do the right thing and it is more important that catching the perpetrator before he leaves the town. The obedience of duty is placed in higher value as the result of their act. Even if they found the evidence and arrested the man responsible for the bombing that killed 10 people, it is still not valid. They did not abide to their duty. â€Å"A human action is morally good if and only if it is done from duty† (Kant, 397–399). Consequential or Utilitarianism would say that the act of searching without a warrant is the right thing to do since they found who did the bombing. The measures upon which the police undertook to get to the perpetrator is not important as long as the greater good for the most number of people was realized, and that is justice. It does not matter if there is no warrant and the police invaded the house of a private citizen as long as the truth was discovered and the person responsible was caught. The evidence was clear, therefore is compensates for the policeman’s inability to adhere to the Fourth Amendment. Both philosophies have their reasons that are enough to justify their claims, but I believe that we should keep the Fourth Amendment as it is. It is in our law that we should respect the privacy and rights of a citizen. In the scenario above the policemen caught the perpetrator because they found evidence in his household. The search was illegal but either way, they got what they were looking for. However, what if they saw nothing, would it not be invasion of privacy on grounds as weak as instinct? Then the basic right to privacy and security of the citizen would have been violated. There is no need to change the exclusionary rule, policemen should abide by their duty and help to protect the rights of the people. We cannot compromise the basic rights of an individual for public safety. Though it is the duty of the police to go after the perpetrator and give justice to the crimes he has committed, he also has rights whether he is a citizen of the United States or not. According to the fourth amendment the exclusionary rule covers even illegal aliens. We cannot strip a person with his rights even if the need arises for the simple reason that it is adherence to our duty that defines who we are. If the exclusionary rule is to be abolished then, warrantless arrests and rampant would be more prevalent in our nation. Even now that the rule takes effect there are still violations. Rampant searches especially to our brothers with colors are evident in our nation. Wire tapping is also an issue about the security of communication lines especially for public officials. The Bush administration wanted to allow the use of evidences that were illegally seized by the police given that it was in good faith and is useful in finding the person who is responsible for the crime. Plus they want to allow federal agents to arrest persons without a warrant of arrest regardless of nationality as long as it is done with the most honest intentions. Sure this can solves some crimes such as the scenario given above, but I want to point out that this only allows further suppression of a persons liberty. When the use of illegally searched evidences is allowed in court, this would only encourage the policeman to search anyone and any house or establishment that they want to search and if they find nothing, the person concerned can’t go after the policemen and ask for damages. They will be protected by law to barge into the homes of countless citizens and invade their privacy. If we take action just because we believe that it is for the best even if it is not in our duty, we have no guarantee that that action can be fruitful. It can’t be denied that there is a need to reduce crime in our nation and solve those that are still looking for justice, but giving justice for the price of a person’s liberty is a cost that’s too high for a nation who values autonomy of its citizens. The exclusionary rule has set standards for our policemen for them to abide too such that their level of professionalism and adherence to their duty is further raised higher. They are bounded by law to protect the citizens of this nation and they should do so while safeguarding the basic rights of every individual. Thus, there is a need for the exclusionary rule to uphold the liberty of this nation. Reference http://www.robertslaw.org/4thamend.htm

Cooking Is Something That Many People D Essay Example for Free

Cooking Is Something That Many People D Essay Cooking is something that many people do. Some do it as a profession, some do it for fun, and some do it because they have to. Most people cook because eating anything raw is unappetizing and boring. I cook because it is entertaining and almost hypnotizing in a sense that I become almost oblivious to my surroundings. Sadly, some times I share the feeling of most people, ? gwhy o why do I have bother to do this. ?h But even if preparing a dish for themselves, people tend to get caught up and forget about anything else that is going on. When other people are the ones who will be enjoying the dish, the cook tends to have a feeling of wanting to make them astounded or awed at his or her culinary skills by preparing a better dining experience. It is a constant struggle for perfection and creativity. In the professional environment of cooking, the atmosphere is exigent. It is a fast moving and demanding environment. When working in such a place, one is soon to forget the time that is passing. As the product of the chef is taking shape, it looks more and more like a piece of art, with an amazing array of colour topped with astonishing garnishes. Chefs are people endlessly exploring the continual horizon of creativity in which the food can spread in any direction of space atop a plate. Another great part of cooking is the faces, comments, and reactions of the diners. Their faces are filled with the expression that speaks the flavour of the food and the opinion of the people themselves. A picture is worth a thousand words. I always remember that phrase when the food is served in front of the diner. And after that they speak. Their words persuade and encourage you for a higher level of achievement. Well at least most of the time. These are the reasons why culinary arts is an amazing field for anyone.

Marketing Strategies For Toys 4 U Marketing Essay

Marketing Strategies For Toys 4 U Marketing Essay India, is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. Its rich traditions embedded in the very core of common Indian man, and its large cultural diversity are well known worldwide. The Indian toy industry, as old as this nation itself, has been nurtured and enriched under this intellectually rich background. Indian toys, which are manufactured all over the country, reflect the Indian cultural diversity in the range of items manufactured. India has expertise knowledge regarding toys making , gone are those days were people used to say India is underdeveloped country but now India has developed a lot from the past and started using all new kind of technologies with innovative ideas. The toy industry emphasises on Play with Safety and Learning. II ) A BRIEF HISTORY OF OUR COMPANY : We had a humble beginning in 1978, as a small scale unit U R TOY established at Raichur, a small town in Karnataka(India) by using local raw materials and procuring some vital inputs from Hydrebad, a capital city of Andra Pradesh, a neighbouring state. We employed 9 workers, 4 being women. Initially we marketed our products in our town and neighbouring areas within the vicinity of 100kms. A year later our products were known to the customers in the state of Karnataka and gradually we moved into the neighbouring states and then the entire nation. The Govt of Karnataka recognised our company and honoured us as one of the Best Entrepreneurs of Karnataka which motivated us to enter the national market. By the turn of the century, our company in order to expand, has renominated the Board of Directors, restructured the personnel by appointing designers, researchers, marketing experts, quality control department was also established and marketing strategy was reoriented to suit the need of the hour. For effective production and marketing and business promotion we moved to Mumbai, the Business City of India. Our companys name was changed as Toys 4 U pvt ltd. After moving to Mumbai our business expanded domestically and also overseas. The demand for our toys increased rapidly in leaps and bounds as a result of offering good quality and renovated products. Our neighbouring countries like Srilanka, Pakistan and Bhutan were impressed and our minds opened for International penetration. Our company manufacturers toys from diverse raw materials like plastic, wood, rubber, metal, textile etc different kinds of products like Wooden toys, Teddy bears, Police patrol, Military patrol , Trick stuffs, Boats, Automobile and Locomotive, our automobile include Action set, Pop-up boats, Coin banks, Science fiction, Toy bank,  wolf, Letter box, Huge boats, Mini recycle, Recycled Extra space, Balls, Kit bags, Floor ludo, Trick lock, Puzzler, Magic box, Shock diary, WWE champions toys, Adventurous toys, Robots, Remote control cars and bikes and many more. Our company is making use of Indian skills of master craftsmanship and creative designing and predominantly labour intensive. Our strong points are skilled work force, diverse range of products, focus on innovation and creativity with emphasis on learning and education. being a leading and long established toy making company in India which has major share in domestic and asian toy market, wishes to go global with special penetr ation into the UK toy market, with our high reputation and goodwill in the national and asian market, where we have treated our customers as kings and offer them high quality products at a justified price, without exploiting the customers. We wish to convert all our research findings and also production expertise wish to manufacture innovative and eco-friendly toys and offer them at the UK toy market. III ) MARKET EXPANSION: Now we are more focused to export our products to UK. UK comprises of 4 Main countries viz: 1)England 2)Scotland 3)Wales 4)Northern Ireland. United kingdom or Great Britain is located in Northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is a unitary state consisting of four countries England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales U.K. has a Constitutional Monarchy System . The head of the state is Queen Elizabeth 2. It is a developed country with one of the largest economies in the world- (www.friendzline.com). Data UK England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Area (km2) 242,514 130,281 77,925 20,732 13,576 Population* 59.8 50.1 5.1 2.9 1.7 (millions) (www.friendzline.com) Our Company wish to reap the benefits of globalisation as participating, in international business is easier, safer and also profitable. Our Government has been promoting exports of toys to our trading partners, the UK being one. The Sports Goods Export Promotion Council (SGEPC), a Government of India sponsored organisation looks after the promotion of exports of Indian toys from India. With our Price competitiveness, quality and Innovative products, we have a strong belief to have effective penetration into the UK market and assured promising future for our toys. The response we received from the visitors at Spielwarenmesse International Toy Fair, the largest toy fair shows in the world, held at Dubai recently has boosted our morale to go international and the feedback we received from the visitors was very positive and our mission to offer toys of global standards was achieved. Hence, we piously hope that our entry into the UK market will yield bountiful results. Our company by going global, can benefit from economies of scale, division of labour and specialisation , extended marketing will help us to spread our risk and also make best use of advanced transportation and communication. as both The UK and India being members of the WTO and staunch followers and staunch believers of globalization philosophy, our company will definitely benefit by spreading our wings into the UK. IV ) ECONOMIC FACTORS WHICH WILL HELP US TO ENTER THE UK MARKET. The buying power of a Britisher is far better than Indian, hence marketing our products will not be a problem. The toy market will be favouring our products as the macro economics variables are showing a positive potential growth, of the entire UK market. The exchange rate stability between Pounds and Rupees is a sign of assured profits for our company and customers in the UK are offered at stabilised prices. As a true follower of WTO norms, both the countries trade policies are not vindictive against each other. Customs imposed on exports and imports will not have remarkable effect on the sale of our toys in the UK. Historically, our country was a colony of Britishers and there has been a lot of exchange taking place in terms of our culture, tradition, and heritage. English is part of our life, hence language barrier is not a major hurdle in pursuing ourselves into the UK market. The International property Rights has assured our brands a safe and smooth sale in the UK market. Thanks to TRIPS(Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights).There is no corruption, nepotism, red tapism which is very important area of cost cutting for our products. Clean and Transparent administration in the UK, efficient bureaucrats and sensible trade transactions, the political stability and political will for stronger trade ties with India is an added booster dose for our company to enter the UK market. The needs of our home market and the UK market are to some extent may vary, as the maturity level of British children are at comparatively lower age, our products must cater to these needs. The UK market is more competitive as top toy makers of the world already in the market. The customers preferences changes very quickly when compared to Indian market preferences. So we must cater to these changes and also we wish to break the products homogeneity. For ex:- Robot toys with command sensors may prove to be a better product for the children of the UK. We should be aware of our competitors product strategy and offer novel products at buyers price without affecting our profits and we should go slow with penetrating pricing to have a say and stay in the market. We are also aware of the need for price cutting if need arises, as we want to grow slowly in our new marketing destination like rural and semi urban areas. V ) TOYS 4 U S MARKETING SRATEGIES ON 4PS OF MARKET. 4 Ps of Marketing- Product Price Promotion Place. Product- So here the product is Toys, our company has many innovative ideas to restructure these toys and attract the customers as much as we can and have an ability to top the chart. We are more concerned about customers needs and wants. Price- Our company is not much aimed to get huge profits, our main aim is to satisfy the customers by rendering them good service with good quality toys. Price varies from one toy to the other but the price of toys is not that expensive, all class of people can afford and buy our products. We try our best to exceed customers expectation and customer satisfaction will be far more than the price they pay for our toys. Promotion- Our Company wish to promote our products through effective Advertising, Direct Marketing, Sales Promotion and Publicity. As we are making our maiden effort in selling toys in the UK market, it is very important to make our product known to everybody in the UK market, which can be done through advertising our products in all means possible. T.V ad is the best way to make the customer know about our company and our toys, more funds are allocated for this area. Advertising about our company and toys in magazines, newspaper and radio is also a important area to create awareness about our product. Direct and net marketing where we will directly contact the customers by telephone, e-mail, newspaper and magazines, will add to promote sales of our products. Place- Our Company is very keen that all the customers in the UK must get our products at their doorsteps, Among all the four Ps which I have discussed above plays a vital role in reaching the customers easily and quickly, Our toys can be bought in all super market, departmental stores and big malls all throughout the UK and even our company wants to exploit untapped markets ( Rural areas, semi urban areas remote and inaccessible areas) VI ) HOW IS FRIENDLY WITH CUSTOMERS. Above all our mission is to keep our customers safe and secure. Toys 4 U manufacturers are very much keen regarding environment, so we are manufacturing eco friendly toys which will not harm the environment. All complaints and suggestions are honoured. Best satisfaction is rendered to all the customers, Customer is a king in the market we the manufacturing units are their saviours. Our team is dedicated and honest to provide A class customer service. Our team strives to find out customers difficulties and problems. Our service to the customers is 24/7 with a toll free number 1800-123454 and e-marketing to solve problems online for the benefit of the customers. Customers can feel free to return the product back if they are not happy with a valid cash paid bill. VII ) SWOT ANNALYSIS OF TOYS 4 U. Strengths- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Our Toys 4 U manufacturing unit in Mumbai (India) is the largest toys manufacturing and selling unit in the nation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More than 350 trusted employees. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Our Company is serving since 1978 which is the positive point, 32 years old company with lots of expertise knowledge in toys field. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It has been popular brand among the people in India and other asian countries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Our manufacturing company is eco-friendly Save Earth Save People. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Customer service is A-1. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ All our customers are guaranteed with new, different toys and renovated toys. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ People can order or purchase our products online through www.toys4u.com Weakness- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There are some obsolete and worn-out equipment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It is difficult to capture and dominate the foreign market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It is hard for the company to gain the No. 1 position in the market. Opportunities- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Arrival of new technologies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Manufacturing and Marketing of  existing product in current and new markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Joint ventures and mergers with other companies help us to capture international market. Threats- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Keen and tough competition in the market from Hal-mart, ToysRus, Amazon and others. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tariffs and taxes keep on changing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New player entering into the market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Television, Computer games, online games and networking sites like Face book, Twitter and Orkut may divert the interest towards toys. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Japanese and Chinese companies manufacture low cost toys and export those in different part of the world. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increased trade barriers, new rules and regulations. pvt ltd. VIII ) CONCLUSION The success of an entrepreneur depends on his commitment to his enterprise. We are committed to our business and our success story hitherto is a motivating force towards achieving our business goal of having a strong stay in the UK toy market. We have tried our best to understand what the UK customers needs are and how best the UK market has to be catered to, which will also be our top business priority. In converting our dreams into reality we wish to follow a practical approach and reach the destination of the sustained stay in the UK market and gain the confidence of the UK customers. IX ) REFERENCES. Toy market, (2010), available online from the source (www.friendzline.com), [accessed on 28th October 2010]. Toy images,(2010),available online from the source (www.google.com),[accessed on 27th October 2010].

The Home and Personal Values Essay -- House Home Environment Essays

The Home The townhouse, a clean, concise, convenient, cookie-cut, carbon copy of society’s solution to the home. In today’s society of â€Å"Big Apples†, â€Å"Windy Cities† and â€Å"Cities of Angels†, the home has been lost under stacks of green paper. The heart of the home is being choked by the fast-paced materialism that pushes the individual into a heart attack of conformity. Society has become a speed addict for production, wanting bigger, more, and faster in the pursuit for the better. This â€Å"better† is often short-lived and quickly replaced. This cycle of replacement needs to end with a solving reinvention that will allow human life to breathe and be comfortable within its own skin. Lives are to be lived not viewed. To do this people need to break the mold that society is mass-producing and live life for themselves and up to their own standards of success and not follow the blue-print of the government’s bureaucratic and aristocra tically favored system and ideals. The home should be a saran wrap covering of comfort, security, peace and enjoyment to be shared by and with loved ones. To often in today’s world the lines between business and personal have almost been blurred into oblivion. These are one of the issues that need to be stopped or altered so as to return the house to a home. The home is the outermost layer of a person’s skin. It breathes, absorbs, settles and changes just as the people that dwell inside of it do. Inside this slowly commercialized dwelling often resides incomplete individuals who attempt to fill this incompleteness; usually with materialistic vices. The biggest of these perpetrators are â€Å"name-brand† overpriced fashion labels whose only use is to deplete the individual’s wealth and morals. People ... ...p well before the age that they should. Children must be raised not watched. Guardians need to take a more active role in their child’s life; for lack of it could be detrimental to the child in the future, i.e. the lack of one. The h.o.m.e, a Humans Originally Made Environment, should be full of comfort, peace, and security. These are the first brick to be laid in any home and should begin every life. For houses to return to the state of homes a shower of truth must wash away all of the superficial and self-blocking things that tend to make people forget the simple things and sometimes the most important things in life. It is time to stand up and break the mold that has crushed and conformed the human spirit into a lifeless robot of things without substance. The latter can never be a substitute for the essentials that are needed for a happy, healthy life.

Free Glass Menagerie Essays: Characters and Symbols :: The Glass Menagerie

Characters and Symbols in The Glass Menagerie In The Glass Menagerie, the main characters are Laura, Amanda, Tom, Jim, and Father.   Each character can be found with symbols that best represent them.   Laura 's two symbols are Blue Roses and her glass menagerie, Unicorn.   Amanda 's   yellow dress and bathrobe can express her love she has of the past event.   Tom 's symbols are the movies and merchant marine.   Jim's symbolize itself as a gentlemen caller for Laura.   The Father 's portrait portrays his abandonment of the Wingfield family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Laura is a hypersensitive young girl.   She spends all of her time in a world of glass ornaments and stayed in her apartment.   Even though she tries several times to participate in the outside world, she is too fragile.   The Blue Roses represent the uniqueness of Laura.   Blue Roses do not exist in this world or even if there is, it is not by nature.   This rose is different from other roses just as Laura is different from other girls.   The color blue represents the sadness and depression.   Laura felt these feelings at home because she is not as popular as Amanda and she cannot succeed in college that Amanda hopes her to be.   Amanda's expectation caused Laura to feel bad when she does not meet her requirements.   Laura had dropped out of Rubicam Business College and she can not find any gentleman caller.   Roses represent Laura along with her beauty and innocence.   The stem of the rose can define as the support that Amanda and Tom gave her. The thorn is her shyness.   It is her shyness that no one wants to go near her and she does not want to go near anyone.   The Glass Menagerie represents Laura' hypersensitive nature and fragility.   Laura is just as easily broken as a glass unicorn and just as unique.   When Jim accidentally bumps into the unicorn and breaks it, the unicorn is no longer unique.   When Jim kisses Laura and then shatters her hopes by telling her he is engaged, she becomes broken-hearted and less unique.   The innocence that made Laura so unique is now lost.   Both Laura and the glass menagerie break when they are exposed to the outside world.   When Laura gives Jim her broken unicorn, it symbolizes her broken heart that Jim will take with him when he leaves.   She gives Jim a little bit of herself to take with him and he leaves behind a little bit of himself with her shattered horses.

Universal Education

11 important Problems of Universalization of Education and their Remedies SWASTIK Universalization of Elementary Education is Constitutional directive. Education is every body's birth-right and it is binding on any government to provide facilities for education for children who are born and reach the school-going age. It was stipulated to achieve Universalization within 10 years from the introduction of Constitution and that is by 1960. But it is now more than three decades after the scheduled time.Now the problems with certain possible remedies to solve them have been discussed as follows: (1) Faulty Policy of Government: The constitutional directive is that states shall endeavour to provide free and compulsory education to all children until they complete the age of 14 years. But it is a matter of regret that the prescribed goal has not been reached as yet. The main cause for this is that the policy of Government was based on idealism. Basic education was accepted as the form of na tional education.Being inspired with this aim, work started to convert the existing primary schools into basic schools. India is a vast country with a very large population. Money was too much in shortage for implementation of so expensive a scheme of conversion of a large number of Elementary Schools. Government has also admitted this. In such a situation, the best policy would have been to make separate treatment for the basic schools along with the general primary and middle schools. (2) Political Difficulties: Education is the basis of democracy.It is necessary to educate the citizens in order to make democracy a success. But so far the Government of India has not been able to devote their full attention towards education. Main reason is that since the attainment of Independence, Government had to face the problems of food, of inimical neighbours, the problem of Kashmir, the problem of linguistic states etc. Those problems still exist and these problems have all along forced to allocate so much money that Government has not been able to devote their due attention for elementary education.The Government is responsible to solve the political problems; the Government is also duty-bound for smooth progress of public education. On no account, this indifference of Government towards universal primary education could be justified. (3) Faulty Administration of Education: In most of the states the responsibility of universal primary education is on the authorities of Blocks, Municipalities and Educational Districts. The progress of expansion of primary education gets slow because of the indifference and incapability of these institutions.In fact, it is the responsibility of the nation to educate its citizens. It is necessary that the Government of India should take upon itself the sacred work of universal enrolment and universal retention at the Elementary stage. In fact it is the responsibility of the action to educate its citizens. (4) Dearth of Money: Inadequacy of money is a serious problem that confronts primary schools. Income of the local institutions responsible for primary education is so much limited that they are totally incapable of meeting the expenditure of compulsory education.To meet the requirements of compulsory basis education it was estimated that an annual expenditure of Rs. 269. 5 crores will be required. But in the First Five Year Plan the allocation was Rs. 93 crores and this allocation was reduced to Rs. 89 crores in the Second Plan. So sincere and honest efforts should be made to educate as many children as possible so as to banish illiteracy to the maximum extent possible. Only after abolition of illiteracy, quality of education as a matter of importance should come. (5) Dearth of Trained Teachers: There is shortage of trained teachers to make Elementary Education Universal and compulsory.Nowadays, the young teachers do not wish to work in rural areas. But the fact remains that majority of Primary Schools are in rur al areas. The chief reason of non-availability of suitable teachers is that teaching work is not attractive for many persons, since the salary of primary teachers is hopelessly low. The condition of Scheduled areas is still more miserable. The hilly and impassable jungle areas with very poor communication and transport facilities fail to attract the present day luxury-loving young men.Teachers should be provided with proper residence in the villages of their work. The question of Women teachers is very much special. So the question of teacher's quarters, residential schools, especially residential Ashram Schools in the Scheduled areas should be provided. The quality of teachers can be improved by executing a training progrmme for the untrained teachers in service on basis of study-leave basis. (6) Establishment and School Buildings: Even the Third and Fourth All India Educational Surveys indicate that even now there are lakhs of villages and habitations without schools.There are nea rly 4 lakhs schoolless villages in India which are to be given schools. It is not that easy to provide necessary funds for setting up such a large number of schools with buildings and other equipments. In order to meet this problem of new buildings along with the existing schools in private houses, temples, verandah of rich persons, residence of teachers etc. should be met by construction of low cost houses of thatch or tile with local materials; looking to the weather conditions of certain places open air stands may be taken up in the ShantiNiketan pattern.All the same, the Primary schools should have accommodations of their own as far as practicable. Problem of school houses along with the problem of lack of teachers in all the primary schools can be solved through shift system in the existing schools. In order to enrol the additional age-group 6-14 children additional section rooms should be constructed. (7) Unsuitable Curriculum: The curriculum for primary schools is narrow and unsuitable to the local needs. The curriculum should be interesting for the children for its continuance.Learning by work should replace the emphasis on monotonous bookish knowledge. Education of craft should be given in the primary schools in accordance with the local needs and requirements. But the schemes of craft education in the primary schools should not of highly expensive ones. (8) Wastage and Stagnation: It is another major problem and great obstacle for universalization of Elementary Education. Out of every 100 students enrolled in class – I more than half leave schools by Class IV, only 32 pupils reach class V and only 26 reach class VIII.This is due to the lack of educational atmosphere, undesirable environment, lack of devoted teachers, poor economic condition of parents, absence of proper equipment etc. In order to check such massive wastage and stagnation at the primary stage, existing educational system and curriculum should be reformed, teaching method should be interesting, school buildings should be adequate and neat and clean, and the parents should be educated. These may help the problem of wastage and stagnation to be solved. (9) Natural Obstacles: Natural barriers are the great obstacles in the way of expansion of compulsory education.The village and small habitations in areas of Himalayan regions, Kashmir, Garhwal, Almora with less population are situated in distances apart. So also the desert areas in Rajasthan, the dense forest areas in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Assam and many Southern States create problems for expected enrolment. These are very very difficult areas with lack of communication and of Education and School Organization absence of transport. It is desirable to make provision, for schooling facilities even in small habitations without leaving much for mobility of small children in the severe cold, heat or heavy rains 10) Social Evils: Social evils like superstition, illiteracy faith in ancient conventions and customs , child marriages, untouchability, pardah system etc. create innumerable obstacle in the expansion of compulsory primary education. Still man; persons get their sons and daughters married at a very minor age against the Child Marriage Prohibition Act and deprive these school-going children of the fruits of education. Because of illiteracy and ignorance these social evils grow. The educated young men and women should volunteer themselves to remove these evils of society in their neighbourhood.Against these social evils, the work of expansion of universal enrolment should not be slackened, since social evils flourish because of illiteracy and ignorance. (11) Language Problem: 1961 Census reports about 826 languages and 1652 dialects in the country. The Constitution of India, 1950 mentions 14 languages, which can be made medium of education. Compulsory education has not been fully introduced among the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and denotified tribes in the country. This is d ue to the hindrances of languages as medium of education.In the Five Year Plans the incentive programmes of free text-books, free uniform, stipends in hostels, and conversion of Residential Ashram Schools etc. do not improve matters much. The responsibility of education of these castes and tribes, who are staggering under the weight of misery and poverty for centuries, should not be left alone on Govt. Voluntary and philanthropic organization and people should come forward to assist the Government in this sacred and significant work of the nation.

Psychoanalysis of Mary Karr’s Mother in The Lair’s Club Essay

Mary Karr growing up in 1961, Leechfield, Texas, as gone through a lot of hardships, she describes those of her childhood in her memoir’s of The Lair’s Club. Mary only learns of why her mother, Charlie Marie Karr, has become wavering and potentially hazardous to Mary and nine year old sister, Lecia, towards the end of the novel. All at once Mary talks to her mother, where she revels unknown parts of her past. The story Mary’s mother shares with Mary about trying to regain her children; shows how she slowly lost her mind and how her past has affected her relationships with her children. Because she was so preoccupied with trying to regain her first two children, Tex and Belinda, and cannot succeed in doing so; Mary’s mother comes to realize that this issue has been eating away at her and has driven her to insanity. Mary Karr’s mother in The Lair’s Club is shown to be highly unstable figure in Mary’s life. Mary discovers as an adult that in her parents attic a box of old wedding rings and pictures of unfamiliar children. Once before she had seen these pictures from her grandmother who had said to her that they were her mother’s â€Å"Other† children. When Mary shows her mother what she has found, her mother tries to change the subject completely. Mary brings it up again and her mother decides to finally talk about it with her for the first time. Her mother told her that when she was really young, she got married and had two children. Her husband’s mother did not like Charlie; one day while Charlie was at work her mother-in-law came picked up the children and everything in their apartment. When Charlie came home she was devastated, she went to her parents to ask for help in finding her family. Charlie finds her children after months of searching for them. Charlie went to the house to find her husband and children with a new mother. She tries to take her children back, and realizes that maybe her children would be better off there, for the time being, Charlie says she tries to do the right thing. Where Mary Karr in The Lair’s Club says, â€Å"Then Mother did what seemed at the time the Right Thing, though had she Thought, she may have Thought Twice about how Right the Right Thing would wind up being, for surely it drove her mad† (317). Charlie drives herself to depression, alcoholism, addictions, and even infanticide over this. Trying to rethink the same moment over, playing what she might have been able to do differently ultimately drives her mad. Charlie decides at that moment that the best thing for her to do to get her children back is to get remarried. If she finds someone else to share her life with, they would surely help to get her children back. Charlie gets married to man after man, but many do not want to help her. Finally Charlie marries Peter Karr, who wants to help get Charlie’s children back. But by this time the children are almost grown up and do not want to come move with their mother. Charlie is again distraught with her life and the circumstances that surround her. Charlie revels to Mary that it is only then when her children say they do not want to come back with her, that â€Å"Then it was like a big black hole just swallowing me up. Or like the hole inside me, and had been swallowing me up all those years with out my even noticing. I just collapsed into it† (Karr 318). It is right then when Charlie just snaps into her life long struggle with depression. Peter wants to help his wife as much as he can, he suggest that they should try to have more children. His hopes that if Charlie has more children she will get over the lost of the others. However, after having her two new children, Lecia and Mary, her depression becomes worse and she starts having infanticide. Mary brings up that one incident with her mother, â€Å"And the night she’d stood in our bedroom door with a knife? She’d drunk herself to the bottom of that despair. ‘All the times I’d wasted, marrying fellows. And still I lost those kids. And you and Lecia couldn’t change that. And I’d wound up just as miserable as I started at fifteen. ‘ Killing us had come to seem merciful. In fact, she’d hallucinated we’d been stabbed to death. ‘I saw blood all over you and everything else. Splashed across the walls'† (Karr 318). Charlie was experiencing infanticide, she wanted to kill Mary and Lecia to put them out of any suffering that they might experience. In a hypertext version of Velma Dobson and Bruce D. Sales’ The Science of Infanticide and Mental Illness they write that, â€Å"Over half, fifty six percent, of the filicides were classified as â€Å"altruistic† killings, in which the mother killed the child to relieve the child’s real or potential suffering; for example, from an incurable disease or from the suffering the child would potentially experience following the mother’s suicide. In another twenty four percent of filicide cases, the mother was acutely psychotic at the time of the murder, as indicated by hallucinations. † Where Charlie wanted to protect her children and by being so disturbed by the lost of her previous two she envisioned Mary and Lecia dead so they would not have to endure anguish any more.

Financial Information Systems Essay

INTRODUCTION Financing is the important function of every business organizations, Computer based financial information systems(FIS) support financial managers in decisions concerning. The financing of business, the allocation and control of financial resources. What is finance ? Finance is the art and science of managing money. Virtually all individuals and organisations earn or rise money and spend or invest money. Finance is concerned with the process, institutions, markets and instruments involved in the transfer of money among and between individuals, business and governments. Major FIS Categories Include Cash & investment management Capital budgeting Financial forecasting Financial planning Cash Management Collect information on all cash receipts and disbursements with in a company on a real time or periodic basis. This helps the business to deposit or invest excess funds more quickly. for cash flow forecasts. to determine cash collection programs and alternative financing or investments strategies with forecasted cash deficits or surplus. Online Investment Management Helps to financial management The process of buying, selling, or holding each type of security so that an optimum mix of securities is developed that minimizes risk and maximizes investment income for the business. Capital Budgeting Process of evaluating the profitability and financial impact of processed capital expenditures. Techniques in capital budgeting Payback Period (PBP) Net present value (NPV) Internal rate of return (IRR) Spreadsheets are heavily used for this process incorporates present value analysis of expected cash flows and probability analysis of risk to determine the optimum mix of capital. Financial Forecasting &Planning Financial forecasts concerning to †¦ Economic situation Business operations Type of financing available Interest rates Stock and bond prices Software’s used in FIS 1.Sage Accpac ERP Sage Accpac ERP offers the freedom of choice, seamless integration, high performance, and reliability that forward-thinking companies rely on to increase profitability and gain competitive advantage. Advantages Completely Web-Based Easy To Use and Customize Total Investment Protection Designed for Global Business Hundreds of Industry-Specific Solutions 2.SAP The e-commerce functionality in the SAP ® Business One application will help you bring your business to the public with a set of Web design tools that enable you to build and customize your online store. Create an online catalog where customers, salespeople, and partners can easily access your  products. Manage everything from taxes to inventory to pricing through a Web-based interface, all synchronized with SAP Business One. 3.Greentree Greentree’s main users are medium sized businesses, but it is also successfully used by many larger organizations. The Green tree product is seamlessly scalable to support the whole spectrum of businesses – from a small team to many hundreds of users. Features: Greentree is built around a core financial system, with seamless integration across distribution, job costing, manufacturing etc. The modular design will enable to implement a basic financial solution and add modules as the business grows or grows in complexity, or install a complete business management package from the outset. Greentree delivers both Windows-based and Linux-based software 4.Microsoft Dynamics AX Designed for mid-size and larger companies, It is a multi language, multicurrency enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution. Its core strengths are in manufacturing and e-business, and  it includes strong functionality for the wholesale and services industries. includes applications for financial management, customer relationship management, supply chain management, human resource management, project management, and analytics. It integrates with widely-familiar Microsoft products – such as Microsoft SQL Server, BizTalk Server, Exchange, Office, and Windows. Employees can work with tools that they’re already familiar. Financial Management Microsoft Dynamics AX delivers a range of financial capabilities for companies to consolidate accounts with subsidiaries or distribution centres, no matter where they are located. 5.SAP Business One SAP Business One provides you with instant access to your critical business information – when you need it to run your business. This comprehensive application covers all your core operations, giving you keen insight, so you  can confidently make informed business decisions. Features: All aspects of business become more agile, including administration, customer relationship management, operations, distributions, and financials. Helps in Accounting and Financials, Budgeting, Banking, Financial Reporting, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Business partner management.

Nobel Prizes in Chemistry Essay

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 104 times to 163 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2012. Frederick Sanger is the only Nobel Laureate who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, in 1958 and 1980. This means that a total of 162 individuals have received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Click on the links to get more information. 2012 – Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka â€Å"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors† 2011 – Dan Shechtman â€Å"for the discovery of quasicrystals† 2010 – Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki â€Å"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis† 2009 – Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath â€Å"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome† 2008 – Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien â€Å"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP† 2007 – Gerhard Ertl â€Å"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces† 2006 – Roger D. Kornberg â€Å"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription† 2005 – Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock â€Å"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis† 2004 – Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose â€Å"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation† 2003 â€Å"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes† 2003 – Peter Agre â€Å"for the discovery of water channels† 2003 – Roderick MacKinnon â€Å"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels† 2002 â€Å"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules† 2002 – John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka â€Å"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules† 2002 – Kurt Wà ¼thrich â€Å"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution† 2001 – William S. Knowles and Ryoji Noyori â€Å"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions† 2001 – K. Barry Sharpless â€Å"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions† 2000 – Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa â€Å"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers† 1999 – Ahmed H. Zewail â€Å"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy† 1998 – Walter Kohn â€Å"for his development of the density-functional theory† 1998 – John A. Pople â€Å"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry† 1997 – Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker â€Å"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)† 1997 – Jens C. Skou â€Å"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase† 1996 – Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto and Richard E. Smalley â€Å"for their discovery of fullerenes† 1995 – Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland â€Å"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone† 1994 – George A. Olah â€Å"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry† 1993 â€Å"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry† 1993 – Kary B. Mullis â€Å"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method† 1993 – Michael Smith â€Å"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies† 1992 – Rudolph A. Marcus â€Å"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems† 1991 – Richard R. Ernst â€Å"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy† 1990 – Elias James Corey â€Å"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis† 1989 – Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech â€Å"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA† 1988 – Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber and Hartmut Michel â€Å"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre† 1987 – Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen â€Å"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity† 1986 – Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi â€Å"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes† 1985 – Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle â€Å"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures† 1984 – Robert Bruce Merrifield â€Å"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix† 1983 – Henry Taube â€Å"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes† 1982 – Aaron Klug â€Å"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes† 1981 – Kenichi Fukui and Roald Hoffmann â€Å"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions† 1980 – Paul Berg â€Å"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA† 1980 – Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger â€Å"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids† 1979 – Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig â€Å"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis† 1978 – Peter D. Mitchell â€Å"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory† 1977 – Ilya Prigogine â€Å"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures† 1976 – William N. Lipscomb â€Å"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding† 1975 – John Warcup Cornforth â€Å"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions† 1975 – Vladimir Prelog â€Å"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions† 1974 – Paul J. Flory â€Å"for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules† 1973 – Ernst Otto Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson â€Å"for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds† 1972 – Christian B. Anfinsen â€Å"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation† 1972 – Stanford Moore and William H. Stein â€Å"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule† 1971 – Gerhard Herzberg â€Å"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals† 1970 – Luis F. Leloir â€Å"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates† 1969 – Derek H. R. Barton and Odd Hassel â€Å"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry† 1968 – Lars Onsager â€Å"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes† 1967 – Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish and George Porter â€Å"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy† 1966 – Robert S. Mulliken â€Å"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method† 1965 – Robert Burns Woodward â€Å"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis† 1964 – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin â€Å"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances† 1963 – Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta â€Å"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers† 1962 – Max Ferdinand Perutz and John Cowdery Kendrew â€Å"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins† 1961 – Melvin Calvin â€Å"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants† 1960 – Willard Frank Libby â€Å"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science† 1959 – Jaroslav Heyrovsky â€Å"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis† 1958 – Frederick Sanger â€Å"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin† 1957 – Lord (Alexander R.) Todd â€Å"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes† 1956 – Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood and Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov â€Å"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions† 1955 – Vincent du Vigneaud â€Å"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone† 1954 – Linus Carl Pauling â€Å"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances† 1953 – Hermann Staudinger â€Å"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry† 1952 – Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge â€Å"for their invention of partition chromatography† 1951 – Edwin Mattison McMillan and Glenn Theodore Seaborg â€Å"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements† 1950 – Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder â€Å"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis† 1949 – William Francis Giauque â€Å"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures† 1948 – Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius â€Å"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins† 1947 – Sir Robert Robinson â€Å"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids† 1946 – James Batcheller Sumner â€Å"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized† 1946 – John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley â€Å"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form† 1945 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen â€Å"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method† 1944 – Otto Hahn â€Å"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei† 1943 – George de Hevesy â€Å"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes† 1942 – 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1939 – Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt â€Å"for his work on sex hormones† 1939 – Leopold Ruzicka â€Å"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes† 1938 – Richard Kuhn â€Å"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins† 1937 – Walter Norman Haworth â€Å"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C† 1937 – Paul Karrer â€Å"for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2† 1936 – Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye â€Å"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases† 1935 – Frà ©dà ©ric Joliot and Irà ¨ne Joliot-Curie â€Å"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements† 1934 – Harold Clayton Urey â€Å"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen† 1933 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1932 – Irving Langmuir â€Å"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry† 1931 – Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius â€Å"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods† 1930 – Hans Fischer â€Å"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin† 1929 – Arthur Harden and Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin â€Å"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes† 1928 – Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus â€Å"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins† 1927 – Heinrich Otto Wieland â€Å"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances† 1926 – T he (Theodor) Svedberg â€Å"for his work on disperse systems† 1925 – Richard Adolf Zsigmondy â€Å"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry† 1924 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1923 – Fritz Pregl â€Å"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances† 1922 – Francis William Aston â€Å"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule† 1921 – Frederick Soddy â€Å"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes† 1920 – Walther Hermann Nernst â€Å"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry† 1919 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1918 – Fritz Haber â€Å"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements† 1917 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1915 – Richard Martin Willstà ¤tter â€Å"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll† 1914 – Theodore William Richards â€Å"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements† 1913 – Alfred Werner â€Å"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry† 1912 – Victor Grignard â€Å"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry† 1912 – Paul Sabatier â€Å"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years† 1911 – Marie Curie, nà ©e Sklodowska â€Å"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element† 1910 – Otto Wallach â€Å"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds† 1909 – Wilhelm Ostwald â€Å"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction† 1908 – Ernest Rutherford â€Å"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances† 1907 – Eduard Buchner â€Å"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation† 1906 – Henri Moissan â€Å"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him† 1905 – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer â€Å"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds† 1904 – Sir William Ramsay â€Å"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system† 1903 – Svante August Arrhenius â€Å"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation† 1902 – Hermann Emil Fischer â€Å"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses† 1901 – Jacobus Henricus van ‘t Hoff â€Å"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions†

Brothers Grimm Fairytales

Introduction: I know that fairy tales are strange and even realistic. There are animals, magical foods, and mothers of the gods in a fairy tale. They are also used as a basis for entertainment and most children begin in childhood. Almost all fairy tales are always happy even after the end, starting with Zeng Geshi. Personally, my experience with fairy tales is that I like certain fairy tales and stories that I can not see. I like Beauty and the Beast and Cinderella. As a child, the fairy tale has given me hope for happiness forever. Many of the fairy tales that you read or watched over the years are not original versions of fairy tales. Walt Disney World and many other companies have adopted a lot of Grimm Brothers fairy tales and have changed them to fit the eyes of many young viewers. The Grimm Brothers is one of the most influential scholars in the world. Grimm's fairy tale is the source of the most famous work dating back to prehistoric times. They gathered most of the stories fr om children and family stories. INTRODUCTION: I decided to study a fairy tale, especially the Grimm brothers' fairy tale. A fairy tale is a short story, composed of fantasy characters, places, objects. Many of them are made of fairies and mysterious creatures. Most fairy tales start with Fairy Land or Remote Land. In many cases, in fairy tales, things become addictive and can talk and move. The most common characters in a fairy tale are the prince and the princess. Many fairy tales have been repeated over generations. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were famous writers at the beginning of 1800, and they changed the way fairy tales are observed forever. The Grimm Brothers are best known for their creative interpretation of popular fairy tales, such as Rapunzel, Snow White, Hansel, Gretel. Dark and tragic themes were used to create Grimm's fairytale, and the use of these themes changed dramatically from the normal 1800 fairy tale. The Grimm brothers are responsible for creating a new dark sid e for the children 's story, and their creativity can be seen with their early life, work and fame. When the Grimm brothers in their era began to write stories, they became known with the dark and unforgetable themes they wrote. Amazingly, the stories of Brothers Grimm are the first fairytale (candlelight) not for children. Brothers Grimm often rewrites old folklore to better adapt to their times. (Candlelight) Another unique point of the Grimm Brothers story is the ability to begin with a verbal narrative of children's literature. Long ago, the story was sketched on the wall of the cave so that people could find a story. The children were talked about seeing the drama as a form of songs, stories, and literature. Many traditional stories are based on culture and ethics. These stories have always preserved the culture and have been handed down to each generation. Like other oral stories, these stories are changing throughout the year. of

Micro1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Micro1 - Essay Example The cost is nil as well for attendees whose higher degree provides upward revision of earnings. The components of opportunity cost include fees paid for tuition purposes, foregone earnings, book prices, leisure time. The percentage of opportunity cost and the money value is closely correlated. Tuition fees of colleges can be treated as the greatest cost of attending college. Answer 2 Decisions taken at the margin are one of the key factors in decision making processes. The marginal cost accrued to a decision is taken into account by the decision maker at the margin. The decision maker judges whether the cost is greater than the benefit when the decision will take effect. An example is as follows: an employer judges the additional cost of recruiting an extra employee with the benefit the organization gains from recruiting that additional person. If it is analysed that benefit exceeds the salary, then the employer decides to recruit the person. Average cost is used while determining de cisions on investments and tax. Answer 3 The statement is as follows: â€Å"HSBC in Talks on Possible Sale of Ping An Stake†. The statement is a positive statement as it can be accepted or rejected depending on the available evidences (The Wall Street Journal, 2012a). The statement is as follows: â€Å"Sahara Feeling heat over bond sales†. ... The statement is a positive statement as it can be accepted or rejected depending on the available evidences (The Wall Street Journal, 2012d). Answer 4 The scenario under assumption is seamstress decides to produce more dresses in an hour than the seamstress usually does. The incentive behind such action of the seamstress can be listed as follows: 1) Subsidy on dress prices from the part of the government; 2) Fall in price of raw materials; 3) Reduction in transport prices necessary for supply of goods to the market; 4) Rise in demand conditions; 5) Possibilities of exports opening up. There may also be some disincentives like fall in the export possibilities of the goods, uncertainty getting accrued to the production process, and sudden fall in demand expectations. The scenarios based on political, legal or cultural aspects are unavoidable. Answer 5 It is assumed that the farmer uses the available land in efficient fashion. The following diagram denotes the total amount of corn and beans he can produce. The farmer has the luxury to produce 150 units of beans if he chooses not to produce any corn. On the other hand, he can produce 300 units of corn if he chooses not to produce any beans. In economics, such an action is defined as efficient use of resources. The opportunity cost of corn at each level of production is 25 units of beans. The marginal cost of the farmer at each level of production is the cost of 25 units of beans. The slope of the line is 25. The slope of the line is same as the marginal cost. Answer 6 The costs of producing corn and beans are needed to determine the level at which the farmer should produce. Answer 7 Answer 8 The skills that have been taken under consideration to be compared are

Learning Theories and Role of Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Learning Theories and Role of Memory - Essay Example The six principal types of learning theories include behaviorism, cognitive theory, social learning theory, social constructivism, multiple intelligence theory and brain based learning. In the paper, the main focus has been on explaining the cognitive and behavioural theories. Along with this, there is comparison and contrast made between the two selected theories. Memory plays a pivotal role in making decisions since an individual is required to make a choice from the available alternatives. Marketers have to understand that memory has a significant role in the decision making process of the consumers. Marketing ploys are the skilled tactics which are used by marketers to raise awareness among the customers and also drive in more purchases of products and services for the company. It is generally a marketing trick which is used for attracting customers. The customers make use of memory to get information and clearly understand the marketing ploys and respond in an intelligent manner by opting for the best products. For explaining the concepts in an effective manner, examples have been used in the paper. Cognitive Learning Theory The basic focus underlying theory of cognitive learning explains the importance of brain as an incredible network for processing of information and interpretation of what people learn. It is the theory of learning that helps in explaining the behavior of people by understanding their thought processes (Leonard, 2002). The underlying assumptions provide that humans are logical and rational beings that make such decisions and choices that are rational according to them. The cognitive theory is categorized as social cognitive theory and cognitive behavioural theory. Cognitive behavioural theory is focused on the negative thoughts and behavior that is connected to a specific object, and these negative thoughts are replaced by rational and positive thoughts. On the other hand, social cognitive theory relates to the ways and methods through which individuals can learn to model the behavior of other people. This theory can be applied in an advertising campaign and peer pressure. The word cognitivism implies an unobservable and unnoticeable change in the mental knowledge of the people. This theory relies on the assumption that individuals are actively involved in the process of learning. The theory’s followers also believe that learning involves the development of mental associations which are not shown in the observable changes in the behavior of the people. Another general assumption of the theory states that knowledge is an organized form which is gained through the process of learning. This process involves relation and connection of new information with the previously accumulated information. Thus, this theory emphasizes how people think, how people understand and how people know. This perspective focuses on the fact that learning is undertaken by the process of transformation of information into knowledge wh ich is already stored in the mind. Learning is said to take place when new knowledge is gained, and there occurs a modification in the existing knowledge that is already present in the human mind. This theory portrays a positive perspective of development and focuses on conscious thinking of individuals. It emphasizes the active construction of an individual that leads to the acquisition of knowledge and learning. Hence, this theory implies that different processes that lead to learning can be explained through the analysis of mental processes. With the help of effective process of the cognitive approach, learning can be easier that leading to the acquisition